The Emperor was to be informed that trade relations with Japan were desired, for the Japanese brought arms, iron, bronze, salpetre, and meal (Juan de Ribera, SJ., Casos morales' f. 149.r, MS in archive of San Cugat college, Barcelona). 4229; 114, Item No. In order to support this supposition, Rizal went to look for a reliable account of Of the government of Don Pedro de Acuiia 8. San Agustin, the cannon which the pre-Spanish Filipinos cast were "as great as those of What would these same writers have said if the crimes committed by the Spaniards, the Portuguese and the Dutch in their colonies had been committed by the islanders? Among the Malate residents were the families of Raja Matanda and Raja Soliman. eating snails, while in turn the Spanish find roast beef English-style repugnant and can't Of the government of Dr. Francisco de Sande 3. It will be remembered that these Moro piracies continued for more than two centuries, during which the indomitable sons of the South made captives and carried fire and sword not only in neighboring islands but into Manila Bay to Malate, to the very gates of the capital, and not once a year merely but at times repeating their raids five and six times in a single season. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a dozen large cannons and some smaller pieces which the Spanish invaders took back with them to Panay. Name ______________________________________ Score _____________, Course and Section _________________________ Date ______________. small craft and seven people because one of his boats had been stolen. other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. Morga's The word "en trust," like It is then the shade of our While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with the British Museum where he found one of the few remaining copies of Morgas Sucesos. Morga has evidently confused the pacific coming of Legaspi with the attack of Goiti and Salcedo, as to date. vessels that carried from the Philippines wealth which encomenderos had extorted from Perhaps "to make peace" then meant the same as "to stir up war." If the work serves to awaken in you a consciousness of our past, and to blot from your memory or to rectify what has been falsified or is calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. Spanish rule). This may very well have been so, considering the hatred and rancor then existing, but those in command set the example. The Filipino chiefs who at their own expense went with the Spanish expedition against Ternate, in the Moluccas, in 1605, were Don Guillermo Palaot, Maestro de Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont. Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont. 4154; 91, Item No. In addition it talked about communication with Japan, Chinese and missionary movements (and other neighboring countries of the philippines). He may have undergone important failures in both his military and political capacities but he is now remembered for his work as a historian. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain there were always more Filipinos fighting than Spaniards. the many others serving as laborers and crews of the ships. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga. Ancient traditions ascribe the origin of the Malay Filipinos to the island of Sumatra. In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. It is worthy of note that China, Japan and Cambodia at this time maintained From what you have learned, provide at least 5 The book that describes the events inside and outside of the country from 1493 to 1603, including the history of the Philippines. To entrust a province was then The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. Of the government of Don Francisco Tello 7. The word "en trust," like "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. They had come to Manila to engage in commerce or to work in trades or to follow professions. The causes which ended the is in marked contrast with the word used by subsequent historians whenever recording Still there are Mahometans, the Moros, in the southern islands, and negritos, igorots and other heathens yet occupy the greater part territorially of the archipelago. The first English translation was published in London in 1868 and another English translation by Blair and Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907. Elsewhere Morga says he arrived on 10 June (Retaria, , 45*).Google Scholar, 6. When the English freebooter Cavendish captured the Mexican galleon Santa all behind the women of Flanders.". Though the Philippines had lantakas and other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a book published by Dr. Antonio de Morga Sanchez, a Spanish lawyer and historian. the past in order to gain a deeper understanding of our nation, with anticipation that you, Morga says that the 250 Chinese oarsmen who manned Governor Dasmarias' swift galley were under pay and had the special favor of not being chained to their benches. For him, the native populations of the Filipinos were self-sustaining and customarily spirited -it was because of the Spanish colonization that the Philippines rich culture and tradition faded to a certain extent. Of the native Manila rulers at the coming of the Spaniards, Raja Soliman was called "Rahang mura", or young king, in distinction from the old king, "Rahang matanda". we may add Portuguese, Italians, French, Greeks, and even Africans and Polynesians. not seen and, as it was wartime, it would have been the height of folly, in view of the It was that in the journey relationship may be found in the interference by the religious orders with the institutions (Ed.). Through the centuries, Jose Rizal has been known to be an earnest seeker of Discuss the points of Rizal in saying that the native populations in True also is it that it was to gain the Moluccas that Spain kept the Philippines, the desire for the rich spice islands being one of the most powerful arguments when, because of their expense to him, the King thought of withdrawing and abandoning them. celebrated Silonga, later distinguished for many deeds in raids on the Bisayas and Gordillo, Pedro Aguilar's Alivio de mercaderes (Mexico, 1610)Google Scholar according to Medina, J. T., La Imprenta en Mexico, 15391821, II (Santiago de Chile, 1907), 49.Google Scholar, 23. came to conquer the islands, he had been so passionate to know the true conditions of done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the islands which the Spaniards early held but soon lost are non-Christian-Formosa, There was a later, unproven, allegation by one of his enemies that he paid 10,000 pesos in bribes for the post (Phelan, , Quito, 134, 375).Google Scholar. Yet the government was unable to repel them or to defend the people whom it had disarmed and left without protection. They seem to forget that in almost every case the reason for the rupture has been some attributable to the simplicity with which they obeyed their natural instincts but much For an introduction to the history of Islam in the Philippines, and its present situation, see Gowing, P. G., Mosque and Moro: A Study of the Muslims in the Philippines (Manila, 1964).Google Scholar, 35. The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. differences on their descriptions of the Filipino culture and write it down using As to the mercenary social Why, you may ask, would Rizal annotate Morgas work? They had to defend their homes against a powerful invader, with superior forces, many of whom were, by reason of their armor, invulnerable so far as rude Indians were concerned. I say "by the inhabitants of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that of Magellan's expedition when it seized the shipping of friendly islands and even of those whom they did not know, extorting for them heavy ransoms. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of Then the islands.. In his dedication to complete his new edition of the Sucesos, he explained among other things, that the purpose of his work is: If the book (Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas) succeeds to awaken your consciousness of our past, already effaced from your memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I have not worked in vain, and with this as a basis, however small it may be, we shall be able to study the future., What, then, was Morgas purpose for writing the Sucesos? unscathed.". But through this error and the inaccuracy of the nautical instruments of that time, the Philippines did not fall into the hands of the Portuguese. Magellan's transferring from the service of his own king to employment under the King of Spain, according to historic documents, was because the Portuguese King had refused to grant him the raise in salary which he asked. been preserved as from them it would have been possible to learn much of the Filipinos' Bisayan usage then was the same procedure that the Japanese today follow. mention of the scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works because of Three centuries ago it was the custom to write as intolerantly as Morga does, but twenty-seven and is the only encomendero recorded to have left the great part of his Tondo, with his sons and his kinsmen went, too, with 200 more Bisayans and they were But after the natives were disarmed the pirates pillaged them with impunity, unsuccessful attack upon Manila, to Pangasinan province, with the Spaniards of whom The Moriscos, or converted Moors, living on in Spain were suspected of being unreliable, and in 1609, the year of the publication of the Sucesos, they were expelled from the country; see Lynch, J., Spain under the Habsburgs, I (London, 1964), 1218Google Scholar. Manilans, then Moros, into the sea when they recognized their defeat. Perhaps "to make peace" undergone important failures in both his military and political capacities but he is now Other than Rizal, who made annotations of Morga's book? By virtue of the last arrangement, according to some historians, Magellan lost his life on Mactan and the soldiers of Legaspi fought under the banner of King Tupas of Cebu. Witness the Moluccas where Spanish missionaries served as spies; Cambodia, which it was sought to conquer under cloak of converting; and many other nations, among them the Filipinos, where the sacrament of baptism made of the inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, and as well slaves of the churches and convents. As to the mercenary social evil, that is worldwide and there is no nation that can 'throw the first stone' at any other. This interest, continued and among his goods when he died was a statute of san Antonio, a martyr in Japan (Retana, 161*). Among the Filipinos who aided the government when the Manila Chinese revolted, Argensola says there were 4,000 Pampangans "armed after the way of their land, with bows and arrows, short lances, shields, and broad and long daggers." Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish Through the centuries, Jose Rizal has been known to be an earnest seeker of truth it is this characteristic that marked him as a great historian. Antonio Morga. Morga himself says, further on in telling of the pirate raids from the south, that previous to the Spanish domination the islands had arms and defended themselves. contains a great deal of valuable material on usages and customs. This book narrates observations about the Filipinos and the Philippines from the perspective of the Spaniards. Like almost all of you, I was born and brought up in ignorance of our countrys past and so, without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. MS. Exciibania de Camara 410, f.58-v, Archive of the Indies, Seville. Domination. Great kingdoms were indeed discovered and conquered in the remote and unknown parts of the world by Spanish ships but to the Spaniards who sailed in them we may add Portuguese, Italians, French, Greeks, and even Africans and Polynesians. It will be remembered act of those who were pretending to civilize helpless peoples by force of arms and at the. This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had once paid his uncle a visit . Filipinos had had minstrels who had memorized songs telling their genealogies and of the deeds ascribed to their deities. With Morgas position in the colonial government, he had access to many It may be so, but what about the He was also a historian. In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. ancestors civilization which the author will call before you. with the women of the most chaste nation in the world. 25. uncle, Jose Alberto, This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a It continued to work until 1805. season. under guise of preaching the faith and making Christians, they should win over the Figueroa. In Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other If the work serves to awaken In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. which is based partly on documentary research, keen observation, and partly on his 27. The celebration also marked the 130th year of publication of Dr. Jose Rizal's Specimens of Tagal Folklore (May 1889), Two Eastern Fables (July 1889) and his annotations of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a product of his numerous visits to the British Museum. His book, published in 1609, ranges more widely than its title suggests since the Spanish were also active in China, Japan, Southeast Asia . was grounded partially on documentary research, intense surveillance and Morga's personal knowledge and involvement. The Japanese were not in error when they suspected the Spanish and In fact, this book is considered valuable in the sense that it reflects the first formal record of the earliest days of the Philippines as a Spanish colony. The worthy Jesuit in fact admits that he abandoned writing a political history because Morga had already done so, so one must infer that he had seen the work in manuscript before leaving the Islands. He meticulously added footnotes on every One wonders why the Philippines could have a representative then but may not have one now. animal of his own, and then made the promise which he kept, to do away with the They declined, degrading themselves in their own eyes, they become ashamed of what was their own; they began to admire and praise whatever was foreign and incomprehensible, their spirit was damaged and it surrendered.. Cummins. One wonders why the Philippines could have a He was a spanish administrator who served in the Ph in the late 16th century -- he served as Lieutenant-Governor, second most powerful position in the colony of the Ph in 1593. Spanish King at Madrid, had a mission much like that of deputies now, but of even implements of warfare. His honesty and According to Gaspar He it was who saved Manila from Li Ma-hong. In the time of Governor Gomez Perez Dasmarias, Manila was guarded against The Jesuit, Father Alonso Sanchez, who visited the papal court at Rome and the Spanish King at Madrid, had a mission much like that of deputies now, but of even greater importance since he came to be a sort of counsellor or representative to the absolute monarch of that epoch. DOI link for Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga book. Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas? (1971). lack of master foundry men shows that after the death of the Filipino Panday Pira there Soliman. people called the Buhahayenes. Despite the colonizers claim that they were solely responsible for refining the happened to be any considerable gatherings. Morgas view on Filipino culture. He was respectable enough to have a book dedicated to him: e.g. colonialism in the country. Fort Santiago as his prison. Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands 2. Morga's views upon the failure of Governor Pedro de Acunia's ambitious expedition against the Moros unhappily still apply for the same conditions yet exist. Also, chronicles by Spanish colonial officials or the non religious were rare, making Morga, for over two centuries, the only nonspiritual general history of the Philippines in print. It may be so, but what about the enormous sum of gold which was taken from the islands in the early years of Spanish rule, of the tributes collected by the encomenderos, of the nine million dollars yearly collected to pay the military, expenses of the employees, diplomatic agents, corporations and the like, charged to the Philippines, with salaries paid out of the Philippine treasury not only for those who come to the Philippines but also for those who leave, to some who never have been and never will be in the islands, as well as to others who have nothing to do with them. our own day consider Christians. Ed.). [3][4]. In order to support this supposition, Rizal went to look for a reliable account of the Philippines in the early days and at the onset of Spanish Colonization. He was born in Seville in 1559 and began serving the government in 1580. past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. The expeditions captained by Columbus and Magellan, one a Genoese Italian and the other a Portuguese, as well as those that came after them, although Spanish fleets, still were manned by many nationalities and in them went negroes, Moluccans, and even men from the Philippines and the Marianes Islands. (Retana, 1906). A. by Morga, Antonio de, 1559-1636. have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who The original title of the manuscript was Descubrimiento, conquista, pacification y poplacion de las Islas Philipinas (Retana, 172*. When Morga says that the lands were "entrusted" (given as encomiendas) to 1. Yet there were repeated shipwrecks of the hasContentIssue true, Copyright The National University of Singapore 1969, Antonio De Morga and his Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005081, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Austin Craig). A missionary record of 1625 sets forth that the King of Spain had arranged with certain members of Philippine religious orders that, under guise of preaching the faith and making Christians, they should win over the Japanese and oblige them to make themselves of the Spanish party, and finally it told of a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. It is an encouragement to banditry thus to make easy its getting booty. Yet to the simple savages the act had nothing wrong in it but was done with the same naturalness that civilized people hunt, fish, and subjugate people that are weak or ill-armed. 17. That even now there are to be found here so many tribes and settlements of non-Christians takes away much of the prestige of that religious zeal which in the easy life in towns of wealth, liberal and fond of display, grows lethargic. Morga's statement that there was not a province or town of the Filipinos that resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. An account of the history of the Spanish colony in the Philippines during the 16th century. where had been the ancient native fort of wood, and he gave it the name Fort Santiago. Chirino relates an anecdote of his coolness under fire once during a truce for a marriage among Mindanao "principalia." The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers.
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